This began with smaller conflicts in 1940 and resulted in the Franco-Thai War in 1941. On 2 December 2008, Thailand's Constitutional Court in a highly controversial ruling found the Peoples Power Party (PPP)[60] guilty of electoral fraud, which led to the dissolution of the party according to the law. Forgot account? At 18:10 Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn resigned from his post as prime minister. The Tai people - the antecedents of modern ethnic Thais - start to move southwards into the area. The Thai are descended from a much larger group of Tai-speaking peoples. 1448 - King Ramesuan joins Ayutthaya and Sukhothai in personal union. His accession to the throne was accompanied by a plot, during which 40 people were killed. Former British POWs erected a monument expressing gratitude to the citizens of Ubon Ratchathani for their kindnesses. The history of the Thai people is but one part of the history of the speakers of the languages of the Tai family. 1350-1767 - Ayutthaya kingdom gradually brings Thailand under its control and becomes a major power in Southeast Asia. The demonstrations swelled to several hundred thousand and the issue broadened from the release of the arrested students to demands for a new constitution and the replacement of the current government. For the first time, the Tai people made contact with the Indianized civilisations of Southeast Asia. In Thailand: History. There were no significant relations with the European colonial powers during the reign of Rama I. [4], There are many sites in present-day Thailand dating to the Bronze (1500–500 BCE) and Iron Ages (500 BCE-500 CE). Share. Thailand had 30 million people in 1965, while by the end of the 20th century the population had doubled. With chaos on the streets, King Bhumibol opened the gates of Chitralada Palace to the students who were being gunned down by the army. -600. Immediately following what many media described as a "judicial coup", a senior member of the armed forces met with factions of the governing coalition to get their members to join the opposition and the Democrat Party was able to form a government, a first for the party since 2001. In Uncategorized. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. [6] Chinese annals confirm Funan's existence as early as the 1st century CE, but archaeological documentation implies an extensive human settlement history since the 4th century BCE. After the Ayutthaya Kingdom had emerged and expanded its influence from the Chao Phraya valley, Sukhothai was finally subdued. Similar treaties were concluded with all Western powers in the following years, such as in 1862 with Prussia and 1869 with Austria-Hungary. Rama I also attempted unsuccessfully to conquer the important trading ports of Tenasserim. During the early 20th century archaeological excavations led by George Coedès found Nakhon Pathom Province to be a centre of Dvaravati culture. [54] The traditional rural family unit was broken down as more and more rural Thais moved to the city to find new jobs. [76] On 22 May, the army admitted that it was a coup and that it was taking control of the country and suspending the country's constitution. Prehistory The earliest known inhabitation of present-day Thailand dates to the Paleolithic period, about 20,000 years ago. The southern provinces as far north as Chumphon, a Pra Palad who was the acting Governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat declared his independence and raised himself to a princely rank. The remains were first discovered during excavations in Lampang Province. Here, we examine a brief history of tourism in Thailand. The junta later wrote a highly abbreviated interim constitution and appointed a panel to draft a new permanent constitution. See more of Thai History on Facebook. After Japan's defeat in 1945, British, Indian troops, and US observers landed in September, and during their brief occupation of parts of the country disarmed the Japanese troops. [12] From the sixth century on, two major mandalas ruled southern Thailand, the Kanduli and the Langkasuka. US support for Thailand blunted Allied demands, although the British demanded reparations in the form of rice sent to Malaya, and the French the return of territories lost in the Franco-Thai War. The history of the city of Bangkok, in Thailand, dates at least to the early–15th century, when it was under the rule of Ayutthaya.Due to its strategic location near the mouth of the Chao Phraya River, the town gradually increased in importance, and after the fall of Ayutthaya King Taksin established his new capital of Thonburi there, on the river's west bank. After the end of the absolute monarchy in 1932, Thailand endured sixty years of almost permanent military rule before the establishment of a democratically elected government. They included 12,000 full-time fighters at the peak of movement, but never posed a serious threat to the state. Capital becomes Bangkok. Before signing a peace treaty, however, Britain demanded war reparations in the form of rice shipments to Malaya. Emerging Tai Kingdoms. At first, the farmers used stone tools but about 3,000 BC bronze was discovered. The defeat of France in Battle of France was the catalyst for Thai leadership to begin an attack on French Indochina. Samak Sundaravej of the Thaksin-linked People Power Party (PPP) is sworn in as prime minister. If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. The Foundations: 1818 – 1880. On the same day, the experienced and rather conservative lawyer Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, was appointed as first Siamese Prime Minister. 1941 - Japanese forces land. King Vajiravudh also took refuge in an irrational and contradictory anti-Sinicism. The Mon shared a similar lineage as the Khmers who settled in southern Burma. 1973 - Student riots in Bangkok bring about the fall of the military government. Around 700 AD, Tai people who did not come under Chinese influence settled in what is now Điện Biên Phủ in modern Vietnam according to the Khun Borom legend. Southeast Asia’s second-largest economy is preparing for a general election on Sunday, the first since a 2014 coup. After repatriating them, the British left in March 1946. I hope you will subscribe meดิสคอร์ด:https://discord.gg/CBMB5wZ(หวังว่าคุณจะกดซับสไครบ์ ขอบคุณ) The king was succeeded by his younger brother, Bhumibol Adulyadej. 1975 - The Pathet Lao - renamed the Lao People's Front - seizes power. Besides King Taksin, who had organised his force in the southeastern provinces, Prince Teppipit, King Boromakot's son, who had been unsuccessful in a diversionary action against the Burmese in 1766, had set himself up as the ruler of Phimai holding sway over the eastern provinces including Nakhon Ratchasima or Khorat, while the Governor of Phitsanulok, whose first name was Ruang (Thai:เรือง), had proclaimed himself independent, with the territory under his control extending to the province of Nakhon Sawan. "Late Stone Age Communities in the Thai-Malay Peninsula". [85], The ruling junta led by Prayuth Chan-o-cha promised to hold new elections, but wants to enact a new constitution before the elections are held. Dvaravati was a network of city-states paying tribute to more powerful ones according to the mandala political model. In it, the callers discuss finding a way to ensure the ruling PPP party would be disbanded. Following the signature by Thailand of the Washington Accord of 1946,[44] the territories that had been annexed after the Franco-Thai War, which included Phibunsongkhram Province, Nakhon Champassak Province, Phra Tabong Province, Koh Kong Province and Lan Chang Province, were returned to Cambodia and Laos.[45]. The city briefly dominated the area under King Ram Khamhaeng, who tradition and legend states established the Thai alphabet, but after his death in 1365, Sukhothai fell into decline and became subject to another emerging Thai state, the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the lower Chao Phraya area. The country is known as Siam. As Japan neared defeat and the underground anti-Japanese resistance Seri Thai steadily grew in strength, the National Assembly forced out Phibun. Here is a timeline of major events during the years of turmoil in the kingdom. During the time of the Red Shirt protests against the government, there were numerous grenade and bomb attacks against government offices and the homes of government officials. Thailand is well known for its silk. It was won by the king and General Prem Tinsulanonda, who favoured a monarchial constitutional order. At the time of Rama I, Cambodia was practically administered as a province of Siam, as rival Vietnam had to deal with internal problems. ", Bangkok clashes death toll climbs to 18, with 800 hurt, Australia 'very concerned' over Thailand clashes, "Thailand confirms Yingluck Shinawatra as first female PM", "Thailand's street politics turns violent yet again", "Thai prime minister dissolves parliament", "Thai PM Urges Protesters to Take Part in Election", "Suthep: Protesters to block EC registration", "Thai court orders Yingluck Shinawatra to step down as PM", "Coup leader General Prayuth is Thailand's new PM", "Thailand's army declares martial law, denies coup", "Thailand army chief announces military coup", "Thai coup makers hold ex-PM as troops disperse small-scale protests", "Thailand coup: tourists must abide by curfew", "Coup declared in Thailand, curfew imposed", "Soldiers, selfies and a coup: Thailand's tourism industry suffers", "Thai military government replaces martial law", "Deadly bombing in military-ruled Thailand adds to mounting woes in one-time 'Land of Smiles, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36972396, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/07/thailand-votes-in-favour-of-military-backed-constitution, https://www.ft.com/content/c0638358-5d29-11e6-bb77-a121aa8abd95, http://time.com/4448655/thailand-constitutional-referendum/, Country Study for the Library of Congress, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thailand&oldid=1014273398, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing POV-check from June 2020, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2015, Articles to be expanded from December 2018, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from April 2014, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 March 2021, at 03:57. [63] When the army tried to disperse protesters on 10 April 2010, the army was met with automatic gunfire, grenades, and fire bombs from an opposition faction in the army. According to a legend in the Northern Chronicles, in 903, a king of Tambralinga invaded and took Lavo and installed a Malay prince on the Lavo throne. Hmong Timeline. [36] Hesitancy, however, gave way to enthusiasm after the Japanese rolled their way through Malaya in a "Bicycle Blitzkrieg" with surprisingly little resistance. With the dissatisfaction of pro-US policies of Military administration that allowed the US forces for using the country as a military bases, the high rate of prostitution problems, the freedom of press and speech were limited and influx of the corruption that lead to inequality of social classes. It is used by about 85% of the population in Thailand, as well as by small groups of people in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, and Singapore. Layers of Chinese loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Brief History of Royal Dynasties of Thailand", "Path to Centralization and Development: Evidence from Siam", A Slice of Thai History: The Japanese invasion of Thailand, 8 December 1941 (part one), A Slice of Thai History: The Japanese invasion of Thailand, 8 December 1941 (part three), "The Origin and Significance of the Emerald Buddha", "Agent Orange Found Under Resort Airport", "Thailand: Toxic Legacy of the Vietnam War", "Thailand Military Bases and Agent Orange Exposure – Public Health", United States Department of Veterans Affairs, "A Profile of Communist Insurgency-The Case of Thailand", "Donald Wilson and David Henley, Prostitution in Thailand: Facing Hard Facts", NLA 'doesn't represent' all of the people, "Thai Premier Ousted Over Stints on Cooking Show", Thail?ndisches Verfassungsgericht verbietet Regierungspartei, "Protesters storm Asian leaders' summit in Thailand", "Squaring the Japanese and Australia proposals for an East Asian and Asia Pacific Community: is America in or out? On 19 September 2006, after the dissolution of parliament, Thaksin became head of a provisional government. Three Thai infantry and one cavalry division, spearheaded by armoured reconnaissance groups and supported by the air force, engaged the retreating Chinese 93rd Division. Employment of Western advisers to modernise Siam's administration and commerce. By Panu Wongcha-um, Kay Johnson. In exchange for supporting Thailand's admission to the United Nations, the Soviet Union demanded the repeal of the anti-communist legislation. Log In. Kengtung, the main objective, was captured on 27 May. 2016 October - King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the world's longest reigning monarch, dies at the age of 88 after 70 years on the throne. In dealing with the Prince of Nakhon Si Thammarat, who was taken prisoner by the loyal Governor of Pattani,[27] the king not only pardoned him but also favoured him with a residence at Thonburi. Later that month Seni Pramoj returned from Washington to succeed Tawee as prime minister. In 1350 the Thai Kingdom of Ayutthaya emerged. 1997 - Asian financial crisis: The baht currency falls sharply against the dollar, leading to bankruptcies and unemployment. The junta abrogated the constitution, dissolved Parliament and the Constitutional Court, detained and later removed several members of the government, declared martial law, and appointed one of the king's Privy Counselors, General Surayud Chulanont, as the Prime Minister. All the events are represented on the interactive timeline and can be visualized. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. The reign of Rama III. The Pheu Thai Party is a continuation of Thaksin's Thai Rak Thai party. We invite you to learn more about the long and special history of U.S.-Thai relations through the information and resources presented here. Another Thai state that coexisted with Sukhothai was the eastern state of Lan Na centred in Chiang Mai. Thai troops fight with the U.S. in Southern Vietnam. The Bridge over the River Kwai, Kanchanaburi, Thailand, Source Khmer Influence in Thailan. [3] The archaeological data between 18,000–3,000 years ago primarily derive from cave and rock shelter sites, and are associated with Hoabinhian foragers. This was an Indian culture and Theravada Buddhism was the main religion in the region. Through Hariphunchai, the Tais of Chiang Saen adopted Theravada Buddhism and Sanskrit royal names. Khmer influence w… Exiled King Ananda returns. Wat Phrathat Doi Tong, constructed around 850, signified the piety of Tai people on the Theravada religion. Thai city-states gradually became independent of the weakened Khmer Empire. [61][62], About a year later, a set of new Red Shirts protests resulted in 87 deaths (mostly civilian and some military) and 1,378 injured. The ensuing third siege captured Ayutthaya in 1569 and Bayinnaung made Mahathammarachathirat his vassal king.[23]. Lavo became the entrepôt of Khmer culture and power of the Chao Phraya river basin. Ayutthaya became one of the most prosperous cities in Southeast Asia. Rama I, the first king of the Chakri dynasty, continued the traditions of Ayutthaya in many respects. [68], On 3 July 2011, the opposition Pheu Thai Party, led by Yingluck Shinawatra (the youngest sister of Thaksin Shinawatra), won the general election by a landslide (265 seats in the House of Representatives, out of 500). Railway network developed. Thai History in the Making Ousted billionaire former Thai premier Thaksin & his ex-wife Potjaman From prime minister to indicted criminal on the run. Chakri Dynasty. Around 900, major wars were fought between Chiang Saen and Hariphunchai. In the 13th century the local Thai Chiefs united and expelled the Khmer Empire. In August Pridi was forced to resign amid suspicion that he had been involved in the regicide. After Bayinnaung's death in 1581, Uparaja Naresuan proclaimed Ayutthaya's independence in 1584. [37][38] The following month, Phibun declared war on Britain and the United States. Ancient History of Thailand . The Lavachakkaraj dynasty would rule over the region for about 500 years. Archaeology has revealed evidence in the Khorat Plateau in the northeast of prehistoric inhabitants who may have forged bronze implements as early as 3000 B.C. As of October 2008, Wongsawat was unable to gain access to his offices, which were occupied by protesters from the People's Alliance for Democracy. Home; Countries; Thailand; Thailand: Bangkok. Foreign relations were initially dominated by relations with the neighbouring states, while those with European colonial powers started to enter in the background. Phibunsongkhram began moving the government towards militarism, and totalitarianism, as well as building personality cult around himself. [5], The oldest known records of a political entity in Indochina are attributed to Funan - centered in the Mekong Delta and comprising territories inside modern day Thailand. In his reign (1910–1925) many changes were made, which brought Siam closer to modern countries. This was also called the "Siamese Revolution". For example, the Gregorian Calendar was introduced, all the citizens of his country had to accept Family names, women were encouraged to wear skirts and long hair fringements and a citizenship law, Principle of the "Ius sanguinis" was adopted. Around 1000 CE, Chiang Saen was destroyed by an earthquake with many inhabitants killed. Educational opportunities and exposure to mass media increased during the Vietnam War years. Phibun's return to power coincided with the onset of the Cold War and the establishment of a communist regime in North Vietnam. 2009 December - Thailand … Read about our approach to external linking. 1782 - Beginning of the Chakri dynasty under King Rama I, which rules to this day. Efforts by the Thai government to develop poor rural regions often did not have the desired effect in that they contributed to the farmers' awareness of how bad off they really were. History of Thailand Timeline: Important Thai people, dates and events Suriyavarman II builds Angkor Wat Europeans, Arabs and Chinese establish trade agreements Revolution and the obsolete monarchy is abolished Siam changes its name to Thailand. By the early 1970s rural discontent had manifested itself into a peasant's activist movement. 1945 - End of World War II. A political feature which "classic" Thai historians call "father governs children" existed at this time. Modern humans first settled the area that is now Thailand in the Paleolithic Era, perhaps as early as 100,000 years ago. In History. 802. Thanom became prime minister until 1958, then yielded his place to Sarit, the real head of the regime. [16] In 756, another revolt attracted 200,000 followers and lasted four years. In 1917 the Chulalongkorn University was founded and school education was introduced for all 7 to 14-year-olds. A general election on 23 December 2007 restored a civilian government, led by Samak Sundaravej of the People's Power Party, as a successor to Thai Rak Thai. In Cambodia and Laos, Vietnam gained the supremacy, a fact which Rama II initially accepted. A SHORT HISTORY OF THAILAND. A major event was the Paknam incident, when, on 13 July 1893, French cannon boats entered the Chao Phraya River toward Bangkok and were fired upon from a Siamese coastal fort, leading to the Franco-Siamese War. The king's goal was to transfer the old splendor of Ayutthaya to the new capital. In exchange for supporting Thailand's admission to the United Nations, the Soviet … Plaek Phibunsongkhram's popularity increased from his role in leading anti-rebellion forces. For education. Thailand profile - timeline Rise of modern Thailand. Below the Kra Isthmus was the place of Malay civilisations. As the longest reigning monarch in history, he played a vital role in shaping his country, as have generations of … However, in June 2010, supporters of the eventually disbanded PPP were charged with tapping a judge's phone. Kanduli centred on what is now Surat Thani Province and Langasuka in Pattani Province. Renewed offensives in June and November saw the Chinese retreat into Yunnan. In mid-2005, Sondhi Limthongkul, a well-known media tycoon, became the foremost Thaksin critic. After the sacking of Ayutthaya, the country had fallen apart, due to the disappearance of the central authority. The official site of Tourism Authority of Thailand. The Senate was urged to reject the bill to quell the reaction, but the measure failed. The kingdom flourished during the reign of King Attayawong who built Wat Phra That Hariphunchai in 1108. Nov 4, 1973. [22][23] In 1568, Mahinthrathirat revolted when his father managed to return from Bago as a Buddhist monk. As Homo sapiens moved into Southeast Asia, they began to develop … He was not only skilled in the traditional culture and Buddhist sciences of Siam, but he had also dealt extensively with modern western science, drawing on the knowledge of European missionaries and his correspondence with Western leaders and the Pope. However, he was acquitted amid intense public pressure. In 1910 he was peacefully succeeded by his son Vajiravudh, who reigned as Rama VI. US support for Thailand blunted Allied demands, although the British demanded reparations in the form of rice sent to Malaya, and the French the return of territories lost in the Franco-Thai War. After an interim Khuang-headed government, in April 1948 the army brought Phibun back from exile and made him prime minister. According to George Modelski, Ayutthaya is estimated to have been the largest city in the world in 1700 CE, with a population around one million. She had never previously been involved in politics, Pheu Thai campaigning for her with the slogan "Thaksin thinks, Pheu Thai acts". Yingluck Shinawatra - the sister of Mr Thaksin Shinawatra - becomes prime minister. Read about our approach to external linking. Although their rulers were Khmer with roots in India and its culture (including Buddhism) the ancestors of modern Thais came from southern China between the 10th and 13th centuries. This law remained valid in its basic traits until the beginning of the twentieth century. Chinese T’ai … Through the availability of Chinese workers, trade, agriculture and craftsmen flourished. The successor of King Chulalongkorn was King Rama VI in October 1910, better known as Vajiravudh. [41] The area containing the Shan States and Kayah State was annexed by Thailand in 1942. It was the first time in over a decade that the government had been controlled by civilians. Taksin is toppled by a coup launched by General Chao Phraya Chakri, who founds a new dynasty centred on Bangkok. or. Only a few of his ideas, such as the expansion of primary schools and industrialisation with state enterprises, were gradually implemented. Thailand Timeline is a chronology of Thai history from 1500 to 2015. Shortly after, thousands of students held a protest at the Democracy Monument demanding the re-enrolment of the nine students. Following several court rulings against him in a variety of scandals, and surviving a vote of no confidence, and protesters blockading government buildings and airports, in September 2008, Sundaravej was found guilty of conflict of interest by the Constitutional Court of Thailand (due to being host of a TV cooking program),[59] and thus, ended his term in office. In 1904, 1907 and 1909, there were new border corrections in favour of France and Great Britain. Under Rama II and Rama III, culture, dance, poetry and above all the theatre reached a climax. Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty invaded the Tambralinga Kingdom in southern Thailand in the 11th century.[13]:866. The members of the conspiracy consisted of military and the navy, the status of the monarchy, had become challenged. He imposed a law against Communist activities, which was directed not so much against the almost insignificant Communist Party of Thailand, but rather against the alleged Communist projects Pridis. It was not always the poorest of the poor who joined the anti-government insurgency. Only when the new Vietnamese emperor Gia Long had ascended to the throne was the influence of Siam in Cambodia again contested. Hariphunchai was the centre of Theravada in the north. [49], Between 1962 and 1965, 350 Thai nationals underwent an eight-month training course in North Vietnam. After heavy fighting in the outskirts of Bangkok, the royalists were finally defeated and Prince Boworadet left for exile in French Indochina.
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